Leggete con attenzione questo estratto da un articolo scientifico, ne vale la pena…
«Currently, the predominant business model for commercial search engines is advertising. The goals of the advertising business model do not always correspond to providing quality search to users. For example, in our prototype search engine one of the top results for cellular phone is “The Effect of Cellular Phone Use Upon Driver Attention”, a study which explains in great detail the distractions and risk associated with conversing on a cell phone while driving. This search result came up first because of its high importance as judged by the PageRank algorithm, an approximation of citation importance on the web [Page, 98]. It is clear that a search engine which was taking money for showing cellular phone ads would have difficulty justifying the page that our system returned to its paying advertisers. For this type of reason and historical experience with other media [Bagdikian 83], we expect that advertising funded search engines will be inherently biased towards the advertisers and away from the needs of the consumers.Since it is very difficult even for experts to evaluate search engines, search engine bias is particularly insidious. A good example was OpenText, which was reported to be selling companies the right to be listed at the top of the search results for particular queries [Marchiori 97]. This type of bias is much more insidious than advertising, because it is not clear who “deserves” to be there, and who is willing to pay money to be listed. This business model resulted in an uproar, and OpenText has ceased to be a viable search engine. But less blatant bias are likely to be tolerated by the market. For example, a search engine could add a small factor to search results from “friendly” companies, and subtract a factor from results from competitors. This type of bias is very difficult to detect but could still have a significant effect on the market. Furthermore, advertising income often provides an incentive to provide poor quality search results. For example, we noticed a major search engine would not return a large airline’s homepage when the airline’s name was given as a query. It so happened that the airline had placed an expensive ad, linked to the query that was its name. A better search engine would not have required this ad, and possibly resulted in the loss of the revenue from the airline to the search engine. In general, it could be argued from the consumer point of view that the better the search engine is, the fewer advertisements will be needed for the consumer to find what they want. This of course erodes the advertising supported business model of the existing search engines. However, there will always be money from advertisers who want a customer to switch products, or have something that is genuinely new. But we believe the issue of advertising causes enough mixed incentives that it is crucial to have a competitive search engine that is transparent and in the academic realm.»
L’articolo si chiama The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine ed è evidente come non sia aggiornatissimo: in effetti ha quasi una decina di anni. Ciò che è meno ovvio è che gli autori del paper sono Sergey Brin e Lawrence Page, conosciuti da tutti come i fondatori di Google. Sorprendono, perciò, alcuni passaggi come quelli delle ultime righe: i futuri miliardari sembravano sostenere la necessità di un motore di ricerca che rimanesse nel dominio accademico, scevro dalle problematiche sottese alla potenziali influenze della pubblicità rispetto alla pulizia dei risultati.
Quando quest’articolo fu linkato la prima volta su .commEurope, nel 2004, i paradossi contenuti in questo estratto non erano ancora così evidenti: Google non era ancora quotata in Borsa ed AdWords iniziava a macinare fatturato, ma tutto sommato la big picture non era così coinvolgente come oggi. Oggi una sostanziale parte dell’economia della Rete si basa sull’infrastruttura pubblicitaria di Google: un sistema progettato e realizzato maledettamente bene, esattamente come lo è stato il motore di ricerca iniziale; peccato che le persone che negli anni hanno iniziato a venderne la pubblicità non sempre si siano dimostrate all’altezza.
AdWordsGoogleLarry PageMichael MooreSergey Brin